This Nemeth database has the conversions for most commonly used mathematics sysmbols. All these conversions should be used inside the CZ editing mode in the WordPerfect, to be translated exactly.
Please make sure you close the exact translation mode by including $tx[sp] after the Nemeth Code. Use the blank sheet to write down the symbols you come across that are not in this database, and we will update it every month.
This database is arranged in alphabetical order. For exam ple to find code for � you can either check mu, or Greek Alphabet.
Note: Each column is seperated by two hyphens.
Category Symbol Nemeth code Explanation/Example
Alpha a .a Greek a. Upper case use .,a
Ampersand & _& Ampersand
Angle - $[ Angle ABC is represented as $[,a,b,c
Angstrom Units �A @,a Units of measurements shown inink-print
capital A with a hollow dot above it.
Arrow bidirectional < $[o Split bi-directional arrow. Used in chemical equations
Arrow left > 33o Arrow head ending on the left side. Can used in Chemical eqns, limits, etc.
Arrow right < [33 Arrow head pointing to the right
Arrow vertical ^ <33o Arrow standing vertical
Arrow vertical v %33o Arrow pointing downwards
Asterisk * @# Asterisk inside Nemeth editing, outside leave t as it is.
At sign @ @a Ex: @20 @a#20
Backlash \ _*
Baseline indicator " Used after subscript or superscript only when there is no space
after the subscript/superscript. Unnecessary baseline indicators must be avoided as much as
possible.
Beta b .b Greek letter b, Capital Beta.,b
Bold face X _;,x If the ink-print character is very distinct, then
bold face indicator should be used. The ; in the conversion is the alphabet indicator, need
to be used for text symbols.
Braces {} .(.) {4} = .(#4.)
Braces enlarged {} .,(.,) when there are multiple braces, should be
used to signify the difference.
Bracket [] @(@) [4] = @(#4@)
Capitalization CHN ,c,h,n need to include capitalization sign before each letter (chemical)
Capitalization, letter A ,a when only one letter needs capitalization
Capitalization, word THEN ,,then when the whole words need capitalization. Do
not use whole words in Nemeth unless you know grade 1 translation for them.
Cent sign @c
Check mark @>
Chi c .& Greek letter, lower case. Uppercase.,&
Circle O $c
Colon : _3 For ex 3:30 is #3_3#30. Distinguish it from ratio sign
Complex fraction 1/(2/3) ?1/(,?2,/3,#)# Start, middle and end of a complex fraction
carry a comma before them.
Contains # _.1 Logical symbol. Used in sets etc.
Cross product x @* 1x10 =#1@*10 (Avoid spaces when using @*
Cube root of 3V <3> This is just representation of cube root, for the
rest root symbols, refer Square root.
Dash x-y should be x--y in Nemeth
Decimal point . . Decimal point can be entered as it is.
Differentiate between period and decimal
Degree � ^.* 90� is #90^.*
Delta d .d Greek letter d, lower case.
Upper case delta is .,d
Diagonal line / _/ Diagonal line only. Dont use it to represent
division
Ditto mark " ,' Looks like double quote
Divided by : ./ Arithmetic division
Dollar sign $ @s Ex: $3.50 $cz[sp]@s#3.50$tx[sp]
Ellipsis ... `"
Epsilon .e Greek letter e, lower case.
Upper case.,e
Equals sign = .k Leave spaces before and after code. No
spacing when used with a grouping symbol like parenthesis, braces ex=(2) is [sp].k(#2)
Equivalence = @<,<
Exclamation mark ! _6 Differenciate exclamation and factorials
Exponent x2 x^2 See also superscript.
Feet ` ` Single quote.
For every @&
For some @=
Fractions 1/5 ?1/5# No number signs or sign indicators inside the
fraction. Do not use contractions for words inside fractions, need to enter Grade 1
translations. Functions sin, cos sin, cos Need a space after the function name.
Gamma g .g Greek letter g, lowercae. Upper case .,g
German letter _ All german letters have this indicator before
ndicator them.
Gradient v .$
Greater than sign > .1 Combination of equal and greater than signs
have base line indicator between them. Ex. >= .1".k
Greater than equal to > .1:
Greater than sign nestd >> .1@.1
with greater than sign
Greek letter indicator . All Greek letters are preceded by.
Horizontal bar - :
Horizontal double = _7 Chemical bonds representation
Horizontal single - _3 Chemistry symbol
Horizontal triple = _=] Chemistry symbol
Inches " '' double single quotes
Infinity o ,=
Integral S !
Integral with super f !@$c
imposed circle
Definite integrals S !;0^1 We need spaces after the limits, and there
should be a space before the derivative like dx or dv or whatever the
intergral is about. Sx dx is !x dx.
Integral, double SS !!
Integral, triple SSS !!!
Intersection sign ^ .% Logical symbol
Iota i .I Greek letter I, lower case. Uppercase is .,I
Kappa k .k Greek letter k, lowercase. Uppercase is .,k
Lambda l .l Greek letter l, lowercase,. Uppercase is .,l
Less than or equal to < "k:
Less than sign < "k
Letter sign ; Need to use single letters, so that they are not
confused with contractions. For example single letters like g as in grams, m as in
meters all should have letter indicators. Single letters left in text will be translated by
Duxbury, but inside nemeth code, we should nclude letter indicator. Example: A = l is
$cz;,a.k#1$tx Lower limit limit %lim Matrices [1 2] @,(#1 #2@,) Alignment is
very important.
|1...1| @,(#1 #1@,) Need to check the alignment after translating.
[3 5] @,(#3 #5@,)
Minus or plus + +
Minutes ' '
Mu � .m Greek letter m, lowercase. Uppercase .,m
Multiplication sign . * For cross sign like x use @*. See cross sign
code.
Not equal to / /.k
Nu h .n Greek letter, lowercase. Upper case .,n
Numbers # Use this sign, where it seems numbers will be
confused with letters. Avoid using it too much.
Omega w .w Greek letter w, lower case. Uppercase .,w
Overbar xyz "xyz:] For x bar just x: will work
Parallel || $1 For example a||b is $cz ;a$1b$tx
Partial derivative d @d
Percent Sing % @0 Convert percent to nemeth everywhere
Period . _4 Period inside nemeth braille. Dont leave
periods inside nemeth unless they are decimal symbols.
Perpendicular to * $p
Phi f .f Greek letter f, lower case. Upper case .,f. .@F
also the same
Pi p .p Greek letter p, lower case. Upper case .,p
Plus or minus � +-
Point . . Decimal point, entered as it is
Pounds #(lbs) .#
Prime ' ' Prime used to represent minutes, feet etc.
Psi a .y Greek letter, lower case. Uppercase .,y
Punctuation _ To avoid ambiguity between punctuation in
grade 2 and nemeth, there should be a symbol indicator before any symbol when
coming out of nemeth. Ex. $Cz_$tx[sp]
Question mark ? _8
Ratio sign : "1 Ratio sign only, dont use it for colon.
Ratio sign, double :: "2
Rho r .r Greek letter r, lower case. Upper case .,r
Seconds " '' Two single quotes to represent minutes, not
double quote.
Semi colon ; _2
Sigma s .s Greek letter s, lowercase. Upper case .,s.
Since @/ Inverted therefore symbol.
Slash / _/
Square roots V >xx] Ex. Square root of 16 is >#16]
Star * $s Not a multiplication symbol
Subscripts ; Baseline indicator " is not needed when there
s a space after script. For ex. 2cr is #2;cr[sp] also subscript indicator is not when the
subscript is entirely a number. For example H2O but not ,h;2",0
Subscript with subscript ;; The second level subscript should be
represented by two semicolons.
Summation b ".,s%n.k1>50 Just sigma is .s. For the summation range
need to use % sign and then as shown in the code.
Superscripts ^ Baseline indicator " is not needed when there
is a space after the superscript. For example x2[sp] is x^2[sp] and x2 + y2 is x^2"+y^2
Tau t .t Greek letter t, lowercase. Upper case is .,t
There exist @=
Therefore : ,*
Theta j .? Greek letter, lower case. Upper case .,?
Times x @* When you need times instead of
multiplication symbol use @* Dont use spaces.
Union sign v .+
Uppercase , For chemical formulae use uppercase symbol
before each letter. For example HCN is ,h,c,n but not ,,hcn.
Uppercase lock ,, To show the whole word is uppercase.
Upsilon y .u Greek letter u, lowercase. Uppercase .,u
Vertical bar | \
Two vertical bars | | \"\ There is a space between two vertical bars.
Vertical bar, double || \\ No space between vertical bars
Vertical double bond || \\
Vertical triple bond ||| \\\
Xi x .x Greek letter x, lower case. Upper case.,x
Zeta z .z Greek letter z, lower case. Upper case .,z